Women’s reproductive health is associated with cardiovascular morbidity. However, an association of vaginal bleeding (VB) in pregnancy with diabetes and cardiovascular outcomes has scarcely been investigated. We conducted a population-based cohort …
Vaginal bleeding (VB) before 20 gestational weeks of a viable pregnancy is a manifestation of a threatened miscarriage. VB is associated with increased levels of pro-inflammatory cytokines such as interferon-gamma, tumour necrosis factor-alpha and …
We aimed to investigate the association between vaginal bleeding (VB) in pregnancy and women's mortality, using VB-unaffected pregnancies, terminations and miscarriages as comparators. This was an observational cohort study using nationwide …
Having a VB-affected pregnancy ending in a delivery was not associated with an increased women’s risk of cancer in comparison with having a VB-unaffected pregnancy ending in a delivery, termination or miscarriage.
Women’s risks of diabetes types 1 and 2 and multiple cardiovascular outcomes were increased on the relative scale following childbirths affected by VB within 20 gestational weeks when compared with VB-unaffected childbirths and terminations, but not …